Introduced to Western poets by Victor Hugo, the Pantoum is a repeating fixed form from Malaysia. It is written in quatrains, in which the second and fourth lines of one quatrain become the first and third lines of the succeeding quatrain. The Malaysian form often uses the opening stanzas first and third lines as the second and fourth of the final stanza, thus completing the circular nature of the pantoum. There is no fixed line length or topic. Additionally the pure Malaysian Pantoum is structured so that lines one and two are independent of lines three and four; they are written about entirely different subjects.

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